Lumbini Province
लुम्बिनी प्रदेश
Birthplace of the Buddha at Lumbini.
Capital
Deukhuri (Bhalubang)
Population
5,124,225
17.57% of Nepal (2021)
Area
19,707 km²
12 districts
Density
230/km²
People per km²
Lumbini Province is named after Lumbini, the UNESCO World Heritage birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha — one of the most sacred pilgrimage destinations in the Buddhist world. The site draws pilgrims and visitors from across Asia.
The province spans the fertile western Terai and the inner-Terai Dang valley, with growing urban centres at Butwal, Bhairahawa (Siddharthanagar), Ghorahi and Nepalgunj. Its economy rests on agriculture, cross-border trade and a fast-developing industrial corridor.
Geography
South-western Nepal, combining the Terai plains of Rupandehi, Kapilvastu, Banke and Bardiya with the inner-Terai Dang valley and the Mahabharat hills to the north.
Economy
Agriculture and agro-industry across the western Terai, trade through Bhairahawa and Nepalgunj, religious tourism at Lumbini, and the wildlife of Bardiya National Park.
Recommended provincial languages: Tharu, Avadhi (Language Commission, 2021 — alongside Nepali)
The 12 districts of Lumbini
Lumbini Province is divided into 12 districts. The largest by population are listed first.
Lumbini Province, answered
What is the capital of Lumbini Province?+
The capital of Lumbini Province is Deukhuri (Bhalubang).
How many districts are in Lumbini Province?+
Lumbini Province has 12 districts: Arghakhanchi, Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Gulmi, Kapilvastu, Nawalparasi West, Palpa, Pyuthan, Rolpa, Rukum East, Rupandehi.
What is the population of Lumbini Province?+
Lumbini Province has a population of 5,124,225 (17.57% of Nepal's total), according to the National Census 2021.
What was Lumbini Province called before?+
Lumbini Province was originally Province No. 5 when the provinces were created in 2015. Named Lumbini Province in 2020 (formerly Province No. 5).
Other provinces of Nepal
Sources & data note
Population, density and share figures are the final published counts of the National Population and Housing Census 2021 (National Statistics Office). Each province's total area is summed from the official statistical areas of its districts, so it stays consistent with the district dataset on this site. Provincial capitals are the permanent headquarters fixed by each provincial assembly. The 2015 constitution created seven provinces, initially numbered; each was later given a name by its assembly (Province No. 1 → Koshi in 2023 being the last).
- Lumbini Province — overviewWikipedia ↗
- NPHC 2021 — National Report on Caste/Ethnicity, Language & ReligionNational Statistics Office, Government of Nepal ↗
- NPHC 2021 — results portalNational Statistics Office ↗
- Nepal's final census population 29,164,578OnlineKhabar (24 Mar 2023) ↗
- Provinces of Nepal — structure & namesWikipedia ↗
- Constitution of Nepal 2015 — federal structure (Schedule 4)Nepal Law Commission ↗